Correlates and Outcomes of Late and Very Late Drug-Eluting Stent Thrombosis: Results From DESERT (International Drug-Eluting Stent Event Registry of Thrombosis)

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to identify clinical, procedural, and angiographic correlates of late/very late drug-eluting stent (DES) thrombosis as well as to determine the clinical outcomes of these events.BackgroundLate/very late DES thromboses are a poorly studied phenomenon, partly due to the relative infrequency of these events, even in large cohort studies.MethodsIn the DESERT (International Drug-Eluting Stent Event Registry of Thrombosis), a retrospective, case-control registry, 492 cases of late/very late definite DES thrombosis from 21 international sites were matched in a 1:1 fashion with controls without stent thrombosis (ST). Controls were matched according to 2 criteria: same enrolling institution and date of initial DES implantation. Baseline and procedural variables were collected, and clinical follow-up was obtained for patients with ST as long as 1 year after the event. Offline quantitative coronary angiography was performed for a subset of 378 case-control pairs.ResultsThe majority of ST events occurred after 1 year (75%) and continued to occur for as long as 7.3 years. The clinical presentation of late/very late ST events was mainly myocardial infarction (66.7% ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and 22.0% non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction); in-hospital mortality was 3.8%. A minority of patients (30%) with ST were receiving dual-antiplatelet therapy at the time of the event. Independent clinical correlates of late/very late ST were younger age, African-American race, current smoking, multivessel disease, longer stented length, overlapping stents, and percutaneous coronary intervention of vein graft lesions. Independent angiographic correlates for late/very late ST were lesions within the left anterior descending artery or a bypass graft, thrombus, and a larger residual diameter stenosis after the initial DES implantation. Despite the large sample of ST cases, all identified correlates of late/very late ST had weak associations with subsequent ST (all odds ratios <2.5).ConclusionsDespite a large sample of ST cases and use of limited matching to maximize the identification of predictive factors associated with late/very late ST, the variables associated with the development of late/very late ST were only weakly predictive of subsequent events. Additionally, a relatively low observed mortality rate of ST in this series may reflect a different pathophysiology of these late/very late events compared with acute/subacute ST. (Drug Eluting Stent Registry of Thrombosis [DESERT]; NCT00812552).     

三维适形放疗联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗中晚期肝癌的临床研究

目的探讨三维适形放射治疗(Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy,3DCRT)联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术(hepatic arterial chemoembolization,TACE)治疗中晚期肝癌的可行性及优势。方法选取60例确诊的无手术指征的中晚期肝癌患者,先行TACE,将导管置于肝固有动脉,灌注5-氟脲嘧1 000 mg+羟基喜树碱20 mg,然后用微导管超选肿瘤供血动脉,将超液化碘油10 ml与吡柔比星30 mg制成碘油化疗乳剂,对肿瘤进行栓塞;而后再注入细微颗粒对肿瘤血管进行栓塞,如PVA颗粒或明胶海绵颗粒,造影复查肿瘤供血动脉消失。3~4周后复查上腹部CT、肝肾功能、血常规,如果肿块体积过大,须再次行TACE治疗,待肿块缩小后,再进行3DCRT;TACE平均为3~5次。所有患者均行3DCRT。结果放疗结束1个月后评价疗效,其中完全缓解(CR)11例,部分缓解(PR)34例,无变化(NC)12例,进展(PD)3例,总有效率(CR+PR)为75%,1年生存率80%,2年生存率35%,3年生存率13.3%,死于非肿瘤相关疾病6例(10%),至随访日生存者5例(8.3%)。全组中位生存时间16个月。结论 3DCRT联合TACE治疗中晚期肝癌是一种安全有效的方法,它能更好地杀灭肿瘤细胞、明显提高肿瘤局控率、延长生存期、提高生存质量,是治疗中晚期肝癌理想、有效的一种方法,值得临床推广应用。     

吉西他滨联合奥沙利铂经肝动脉化疗栓塞防治肝癌术后复发

目的:探讨吉西他滨联合奥沙利铂经肝动脉化疗栓塞(transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE)在防治肝癌高危患者术后复发中的价值.方法:回顾性分析肝癌术后复发高危患者120例,88例术后3-6wk接受TACE治疗为TACE组,其中43例采用吉西他滨联合奥沙利铂组成的GEMOX方案(GEMOX组),45例使用传统化疗药物方案(对照组);32例因其他原因未接受TACE治疗作为为单纯手术组.通过6mo、12mo的随访,比较各组6mo、12mo术后复发率.结果:TACE组术后6mo、12mo肝内复发率(20.5%、43.8%)明显低于单纯手术组(37.5%、59.4%),两者均有统计学意义(χ2=6.512、4.573,P<0.05).在TACE组中,GEMOX组6mo术后复发率(11.6%)较对照组(28.9%)低,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.026,P<0.05),两组12mo术后复发率无明显差异(χ2=0.876,P>0.05);在TACE不良反应中,GEMOX组白细胞减少及恶心、呕吐发生率较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.156、-2.295,P<0.05).结论:对肝癌术后复发高危患者进行预防性TACE有助于减少或延缓术后近期复发率,吉西他滨联合奥沙利铂方案疗效更佳.